Stir until uniform. One embodiment of the invention is a composition which comprises hydroquinone (about 1% to about 12%, preferably about 2% to about 10%, more preferably about 2% to about 8%, more preferably with about 2% to about 4%, and most preferably about 3% to about 4%) and has a neutral pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. International Journal of Thermophysics The toxicology of hydroquinone - relevance to occupational and environmental exposure. Hydroquinone is an aromatic organic compound which is currently used in two main sectors: . I would like to add retinol and kojic acid to it as well. The natural pH for conventional hydroquinone compositions is acidic, generally less than about 4 even though this is harsh to the skin and to other components of the product. STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN. Eng. If you have any specific questions, please include them in the comments section. PDF HYDROQUINONE - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Azelaic acid - Wikipedia protecting the retinoids in a protective system; mixing the hydroquinone, and the protected retinoids; and. With respect to organic solvents, the solubility varies from 57% in ethanol to less than 0.1% in benzene. The present invention addresses the problem of excessive discoloration in hydroquinone compositions of a neutral pH. Approximate Solubilities of USP and NF Articles, methanol, 13; ethyl acetate, >10,000; hexanes, >10,000, 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, 1; 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, 1, boiling alcohol, 50; boiling chloroform, 80; acetone at 50, methanol, 3; isopropanol, 69; benzene, 2500; petroleum ether, 5000, dimethylformamide, 10; 10 N sodium hydroxide, 3.5, dimethylacetamide, 2; dimethylformamide, 3.5; dimethylsulfoxide, 3.5, 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, 2500; 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, 100, isopropyl alcohol, 4; propylene glycol, 9; methanol, 5.3, isopropyl alcohol, 1408; propylene glycol, 119; methanol, 75, alcohol solution (1 in 2), 2; diethylphthalate, <1; benzyl benzoate, <1, acetone, 100; methanol, 1000; 0.1 N hydrochloride acid, >1000, absolute alcohol, 8; methanol, 8; propylene glycol, 19, pyridine, 10; methanol, 71; acetone, 130; methylene chloride, 286; toluene, 2000; dioxane, 2000, carbon disulfide, 2 (slowly and usually incompletely), carbon disulfide, 2 (slowly and usually incompletely) olive oil, 100, methylenedichloride, 43; 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 100. The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.9937 for one of these two equations for the binary studied systems where the solvent is either water or 1-octanol. Phillip M. Hudnall "Hydroquinone" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 0000002585 00000 n Crit. The present invention is not to be limited by any mechanism described in the specification, because it is defined by the claims. A preferred embodiment utilizes encapsulation. 420, 2429 (2016), W. E. Acree Jr, Thermochim Acta 189, 3756 (1991), F. L. Nordstrm, . C. Rasmuson, J. Chem. How do I dissolve hydroquinone powder to make a 20% and 10% concentration? Heat Mass Transf. 374 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 376 /H [ 807 1414 ] /L 581425 /E 96582 /N 109 /T 573826 >> endobj xref 374 19 0000000016 00000 n Additionally, a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably a sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, may be helpful in stabilizing the hydroquinone composition. This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases. "F$H:R!zFQd?r9\A&GrQhE]a4zBgE#H *B=0HIpp0MxJ$D1D, VKYdE"EI2EBGt4MzNr!YK ?%_&#(0J:EAiQ(()WT6U@P+!~mDe!hh/']B/?a0nhF!X8kc&5S6lIa2cKMA!E#dV(kel }}Cq9 Hydroquinone USP, Eastman - ChemPoint Conversion factors (at 25 oc and normal atmospheric pressure) 1 ppm = 4.5 mg!m 3 Discoloration of hydroquinone compositions may be accelerated by repeated exposure to oxygen or exposing the compositions to high temperatures, which may be found inside a car or delivery vehicle on a hot sunny day. I can't use water because I cannot dissolve enough Hydroquinone into it to reach the desired concentration. This study was funded by Ministre de l'Enseignement Suprieur et de la Recherche Scientifique. Eng. nQt}MA0alSx k&^>0|>_',G! 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Chem. A3, Free format text: 0000004197 00000 n Chemically, hydroquinone is designated as p-dihydroxybenzene; the empirical formula is C 6 H 6 O 2; molecular weight is 110.0. 0000004433 00000 n Hydroquinone (HSG 101, 1996) - International Programme on Chemical Safety Chim. Hydroquinone (C 6 H 4 (OH) 2), also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound, with a variety of uses in chemistry. [Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C(O)=O, SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILET PREPARATIONS, Preparations for care of the skin for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin, PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL, OR TOILET PURPOSES, Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients, Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. Solubility of phenytoin in aqueous mixtures of ethanol and sodium This website uses cookies. 0.6. glycerin, 2.5. HYDROQUINONE (hahy droh kwi NOHN) is applied to the the skin to lighten areas that have darkened. Hydroquinone is sold by chemical suppliers. - 65.21.225.73. I can only tell you how to mix the powder solution to the liquid solvent. Chem. Editor's Rating: Hydroquinone is a white crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water, but more soluble in organic solvents. However, these hydroquinone-containing compositions were in the acidic pH range and did not contain cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, such as magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. HlRMo0WB:NnVCnE4(i0 (1* )@NzHR!>i;8XaXnsO0LNT0l$B%"NAb0I9V *6/-\vn0W"fKF:AAgl:psRZ?k`&eB IUQ0ET;W#vL=@XwRG{-LHlTz]^s%OB(GF 11'I The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics has also highlighted concerns. As a polymerisation inhibitor, exploiting its antioxidant properties, hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers that are susceptible to radical-initiated polymerization. SAS Anti-ox booster 1% 0.3g. Place an order online, track your orders, download SDS and TDS, and see your quotes, all in one secure place. 77, No. 2008-2023 ChemPoint. hydroquinone, 1,4-benzenediol, quinol, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, p-benzenediol, 4-hydroxyphenol, p-hydroquinone, p-hydroxyphenol, p-dihydroxybenzene, benzoquinol, Electrophoresis, Western Blotting and ELISA, Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Reagents, Laboratory Syringe Needles and Accessories, Lab Coats, Aprons, and Other Safety Apparel, Sharps Disposal Containers and Accessories, Classroom Laboratory Supplies and Consumables, Applied Biosystems TaqMan Assay and Arrays Search Tool, Applied Biosystems TaqMan Custom Assay Design Tools, Applied Biosystems Custom qPCR Primers and TaqMan Probes Tool, Chemical Storage and Management Resource Center, Solubility in water: 70g/L in water (20C). This invention addresses the problem of formulating a pigmentation disorder treatment composition with hydroquinone without an excessive discoloration of the composition in the pH range of about 7.0. PDF Solubilityof Eastman hydroquinone andderivatives Pigmentation disorders can take a variety of forms like hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, such as melasma (dark patches experienced in pregnancy), liver spots (which often develop with age), as a side effect of birth control pills, and as a persistent result of acne, bums, bites and other skin injuries, and vitiligo. Solubilities of hydroquinone and p-quinone in - ScienceDirect I did that by using 1 cup of cream, 4tbsp of hydroquinone and 4tbsp of water or solvent. [33], Hydroquinone has been shown to be one of the chemical constituents of the natural product propolis. 38, 40814091 (1999), J. Qingzhu, M. Peisheng, Y. Shouzhi, W. Qiang, W. Chang, L. Guiju, J. Chem. 2017-02-16T10:10:56+01:00 On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. These phases (described below) are combined in a mixing tank with an in-line homogenizer as follows. 65, 5786 (1998), Y.-H. Zhang, Trends Analyt. You take the cream, put it in a container, take the powder measurement and add it. Google Scholar, A.-C. Huang, Y.-K. Chuang, C.-F. Huang, C.-M. Shu, J. Therm. All Rights Reserved, View All Eastman Hydroquinone USP Articles. You take the cream, put it in a container, take the powder measurement and add it. Hydrogen peroxide is used and the reaction gives a mixture of hydroquinone and catechol: An accessible route involves the reaction of sodium hydroxide with 1,4-dichlorobenzene. Thermodyn. This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries, including the member states of the European Union under Directives 76/768/EEC:1976. We have found that a cream containing 5% of hydroquinone and 0.05 % of laevo-ascorbic acid remains white, and the emulsion remains unbroken after many months of storage, The laevo-ascorbic or cevitamic acid is pr'eferably employed in the free condition; but if desired, the salts, and especially the water-soluble salts thereof, may be employed . Determination and Correlation of Solubilities of Benzoic Acid, Salicylic Acid, Resorcinol and Hydroquinone in Water and in 1-Octanol at Temperatures from 297.25K to 334.45K. Eastman Hydroquinone, USP, meets or exceeds the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia and is produced under conditions of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP). [23] This conclusion was reached based on the extent of absorption in humans and the incidence of neoplasms in rats in several studies where adult rats were found to have increased rates of tumours, including thyroid follicular cell hyperplasias, anisokaryosis (variation in nuclei sizes), mononuclear cell leukemia, hepatocellular adenomas and renal tubule cell adenomas. Hydroquinone, 99.5%, Thermo Scientific Chemicals 5g, Glass Bottle Quantity: 5g 50g 250g 1kg 5kg Packaging: Glass Bottle Plastic Drum Plastic bottle Description This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. 109. Hydroquinone[1] Idrochinone Quinol 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene p-dihydroxybenzene p-hydroxyphenol 1,4-Hydroxy benzene Identifiers CAS Number 123-31-9 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Beilstein Reference 605970 ChEBI CHEBI:17594 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL537 Y ChemSpider 764 Y DrugBank DB09526 ECHA InfoCard 100.004.199 EC Number 204-617-8 Gmelin Reference 2742 Cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, including inorganic salts, preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and amino acyl derivatives, preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, are preferred in this invention. 108. Our team has been notified and we will fix it as soon as possible. 0000002198 00000 n Such carriers are widely known in the art and deliver the composition's ingredients to the skin without excessive degradation, inactivation or other unwanted interaction. It is not to be considered as either a warranty or quality specification. AzA inhibits tyrosinase. The preferred form of protected retinol is manufactured by SunSmart (also known as Particle Sciences, Inc. of Bethlehem, PA) under the brand name of SunCaps A-1283. Hydroquinone - Sciencemadness Wiki application/pdf 2017-02-16T10:10:56+01:00 While patients suffer from pigmentation disorders, they may also suffer from other skin disorders and signs of aging, including but not limited to rough skin texture, mottled pigmentation, sallow complexion, lines and wrinkles. Unfortunately, retinoids, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin) also have discoloration problems due to oxidation. Add the hydroquinone to the water. antiphlogistics and cardiaca, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients, Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen, . One of these, 4-butylresorcinol, has been proven to be more effective at treating melanin-related skin disorders by a wide margin, as well as safe enough to be made available over the counter. However, the oil-soluble TBHQ is more hydrophobic with a distinctly increased log P value compared to HQ. HMkA+"c>jZ^ho=81NW;]Ib;+i#iFArHpz). `9F6~qg3]0,#!V9Q> p=|h| Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (also called magnesium ascorbityl phosphate or magnesium L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate) has a chemical formula of C. In another embodiment, sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate are used in about 0.01% (preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5%, most preferably at least about 0.1%,) and about 0.5% (preferably from about 0.25% to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 1%, and most preferably at least about 0.5%) respectively in a composition with about 4% hydroquinone. The solubility was increased by addition of ethanol, reached a maximum . The protective system can be an entrapment system, a single or multi- laminar system, such as by the formation of vesicles such as a liposome or by utilizing wax, paraffin, silicone, polyethylene, or any material or system which protects the retinoid from oxidation. It has a white-solid appearance. The combined nearly ideal binary solvent (NIBS)-Redlich-Kister equation is . Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in 2y.-;!KZ ^i"L0- @8(r;q7Ly&Qq4j|9 Environ. [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC([O-])=C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C1=O, N1=CC(C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1C#CC1=CC=C(SCCC2(C)C)C2=C1, C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C3=CC=C(C(=C3)C34CC5CC(CC(C5)C3)C4)OC)=CC=C21, CC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C, disodium;2-[2-[carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate, [Na+]. Belhachemi, B., Makhlouf, H. & Belhachemi, M.H. Then add it to the ingredients. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. uuid:a150f3fd-7f22-4439-aa26-6f445f4017e5 A2, Designated state(s): Data 53, 12781282 (2008), A. RJPT - Hydroquinone Solubility in Pure and Binary Solvent Mixture at ~lgM~Gc{1S_1Q/_/v">S 9 Hydroquinone (EHC 157, 1994) - International Programme on Chemical Safety Hydrquinone Cas N: 123-31-9 - Oecd Using a laser-monitoring observation technique, the solubility of hydroquinone in water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and acetic acid were measured at temperatures ranging from 276.65 K to 345.10 K under the atmospheric pressure. fungichromin, Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. Phase A is added to the tank, which is held at a temperature of from about 70 to about 75 C, and in which a CO. InChI=1S/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8H, InChI=1/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8H, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their. 330, 4851 (2012), A. Shalmashi, A. Eliassi, J. Chem. Hydroquinone is combustible when preheated. In another embodiment of the invention, hydroquinone and a protected retinoid are both combined in the composition. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. Monobenzone is the monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone used medically for depigmentation. Found. 2 Liquid phase only; silicon dioxide remains as a residue in these solvents. V)gB0iW8#8w8_QQj@&A)/g>'K t;\ $FZUn(4T%)0C&Zi8bxEB;PAom?W= An acceptable carrier also possesses suitable aesthetic and cosmetic qualities and may include emollients, conditioners and the like. The solubilities of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, resorcinol and hydroquinone in water and in 1-octanol were measured by the dynamic method which is also called the synthetic method from 297.25 K to 334.45 K. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC Q2000 and SDT Q600), the melting temperature and the enthalpy of fusion of these solutes were determined. Monobenzone occurs as a white, almost tasteless crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in water. ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012, Free format text: Thus, while cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, have beneficial antioxidant effects on the skin, the combination with hydroquinone in the invention results in a compatible and stable composition. ADS Acta 423, 137144 (2000), S.-T. Lin, S. I. Sandler, Ind. This compound is gathered from the beaver's castor sacs.[35]. Hydroquinone IS a white crystalline substance when pure and is highly soluble in water. It exerts a depigmenting effect on skin of mammals by increasing the excretion of melanin from the melanocytes. 4. Some may double boil the hydroquinone and ester, I was too scared of the possibility of combustion. Preparation, optimization and in vivo. Formula of hydroquinone is . Correspondence to Solubility of Hydroquinone in Different Solvents from 276.65 K to 345. Eng. Int J Thermophys 42, 1 (2021). Read our Privacy Notice. For use herein, the encapsulation forms a protective system to prohibit or inhibit the oxidation of the retinoid. Protected retinoid may be added to these compositions for additional skin benefit effects. Hydroquinone occurs in the environment as a result of anthropogenic processes, as well as in natural products from plants and animals. Determination and Correlation of Solubilities of Benzoic Acid HYdroquinone can be found in various skin care products. Retinoids are included in the invention from about 0.01 to about 5%, preferably from about 0.025% to about 2.0%, more preferably from about 0.05% to about 1%, and most preferably from about 0.025% to about 0.5%. I'm using it for spot treatment of some hyper pigmentation (less than 1% of my body). I've been presented with the problem of trying to dissolve Hydroquinone in a solvent other than water. Toxicol. This range of pH has been preferred for hydroquinone compositions, because it has been believed that the hydroquinone is less likely to excessively discolor under acid conditions. 0000003430 00000 n Hydroquinone is combustible when preheated. Hydroquinone can be made through several routes. endstream endobj 1 0 obj <> endobj 2 0 obj <> endobj 12 0 obj <>stream n3kGz=[==B0FX'+tG,}/Hh8mW2p[AiAN#8$X?AKHI{!7. Hydroquinone | C6H4(OH)2 - PubChem Table II shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white or light straw color with the addition of at least about 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and when about 1.0 to about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is used in the pH range of about 7.0. [32], Hydroquinone is thought to be the active toxin in Agaricus hondensis mushrooms. Dietland Muller-Schwarze, 2003, page 43 (, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Additive manufacturing of ceramics from preceramic polymers, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31976L0768:EN:HTML, "Clear N Smooth Skin Toning Cream recalled", Skin Bleaching Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Product Use; Proposed Rule, "About the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research - Hydroquinone Studies Under The National Toxicology Program (NTP)", Campaign For Safe Cosmetics - Hydroquinone, "Skin lightening preparations and the hydroquinone controversy", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydroquinone&oldid=1136453324, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2016, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The most widely used route is similar to the, A potentially significant synthesis of hydroquinone from, Hydroquinone was first obtained in 1820 by the French chemists, Pelletier and Caventou (1820) "Recherches chimiques sur les quinquinas" (Chemical investigations of quinquinas [i.e., the bark of various, This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 11:09. J. Pharm. [24], Numerous studies have revealed that hydroquinone, if taken orally, can cause exogenous ochronosis, a disfiguring disease in which blue-black pigments are deposited onto the skin; however, skin preparations containing the ingredient are administered topically. [21][25][23] NTP evaluation showed some evidence of long-term carcinogenic and genotoxic effects[26], While hydroquinone remains widely prescribed for treatment of hyperpigmentation, questions raised about its safety profile by regulatory agencies in the EU, Japan, and USA encourage the search for other agents with comparable efficacy. You can expect to hear back from a ChemPoint product specialist within 1 business hour. 4]DYR@'c PDF Hydroquinone The FDA had classified hydroquinone in 1982 as a safe product - generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE), however additional studies under the National Toxicology Program (NTP) were suggested in order to determine whether there is a risk to humans from the use of hydroquinone. 38, 565571 (2006), K. Carlsson, B. Karlberg, Anal. If youre making your lotion. 1401417, Country of ref document: Tests, which results are detailed in the following two tables, are performed to show how well sodium metabisulfite ("SMBS") stabilizes color at each pH at 5C and 40C in 4% hydroquinone ("HQ") compositions. Thus, merely adding one retinoid to a hydroquinone composition would result in instability and/or discoloration, and adding hydroquinone to a retinoid product would have a similar result. 230, 176183 (2005), A. Apelblat, E. Manzurola, N. A. Balal, J. Chem. Hydroquinone composition - SCHERING CORP - FreePatentsOnline.com 2005 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate protected at pH 6.0-7.0, 1.0-1.5% at pH 5.5-7.0, and 2.0-3.0% at pH 3.5-7.0. So, does anybody know of another solvent I could use that has a higher . endstream endobj 276 0 obj <>stream 0000000731 00000 n By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. By acting as a free radical scavenger, hydroquinone serves to prolong the shelflife of light-sensitive resins such as preceramic polymers.[18]. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Hydroquinone is a major benzene metabolite, which is a well-known haematotoxic and carcinogenic agent associated with malignancy in occupational environments. x- [ 0}y)7ta>jT7@t`q2&6ZL?_yxg)zLU*uSkSeO4?c. R -25 S>Vd`rn~Y&+`;A4 A9 =-tl`;~p Gp| [`L` "AYA+Cb(R, *T2B- These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's abdomen. I've been presented with the problem of trying to dissolve Hydroquinone in a solvent other than water. M1 and M2 microemulsions contain ethanol as co-surfactant. AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR, Kind code of ref document: 0000053439 00000 n So, does anybody know of another solvent I could use that has a higher solubility and is relatively non-toxic. It is highly soluble in water (70 g/litre at 25 C) and the log n-octanol/water partition coefficient is 0.59. Then take the water and put the measurement into the microwave until boiled. It can also be found on eBay and Amazon. INCI HydroquinoneEastman Hydroquinone, USP is a skin care ingredient used to produce effective skin- lightening applications for depigmentation. Solubility: Moderately soluble in water, glycerin, propylene glycol, and highly soluble in ethanol Features & Benefits Can work in conjunction with glycolic acid to help reduce pigment in melasma Non-GMO Extremely low vapor pressure USP Grade European Pharma Grade Drug master file available upon request Applications Other antioxidants, for example cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, and sodium ascorbyl phosphate, have not been utilized in combination with hydroquinone in view of the acidic pH, generally from about 3.4 to about 3.5, and the recommended pH range for magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is about 7.0 to 8.5. One skilled in the art is familiar with the known protective system technologies, such as encapsulation and entrapment methodologies. We will respond to you shortly. Mobility in soil No additional information available 12.5. C6H4O2) is formed. Gerhard Franz, Roger A. Sheldon "Oxidation" in. Hydroquinone compositions are effective but have some undesirable side effects. Re: How to dissolve Hydroquinone to make 4 oz. Solute (1 g) Water Boiling Water Alcohol Chloroform Ether Other Acenocoumarol 67,000 280 130 1800 Acetaminophen 20 10 1 N sodium hydroxide, 15 Acetohexamide 230 210 Acetylcysteine 5 4 Acetyldigitoxin 6100 62.5 12 >10,000 Ammonium Alum 7 0.5 Aluminum Chloride 0.9 4 Aluminum Sulfate 1 Amantadine Hydrochloride 2.5 5.1 18 polyethylene glycol 400, 70 Gravimetric method is used to measured hydroquinone solubility in water, ethanol and in water+ethanol binary mixtures at temperatures (293.15, 295.15, 298.15, 300.15, 303.15, 305.15, 308.15, 310.15 and 313.15)K. Mole fractions solubility of hydroquinone are correlated with temperature by using the Apelblat equation.
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